i
For internet-related terms such as “the web” or “email,” I
have adopted the conventions of Wired Style.
ii
According such books as Country of Exiles: The Destruction of
Place in American Life (1999) and James Jasper, Restless
Nation: Starting Over in America (2000), we are a culture that
has worshiped mobility from its inception and the economic changes
of the last half-century have allowed us to act on these originary
impulses to an exaggerated degree. We now suffer from an epidiemic
of mobility and an imaginative deficiency that makes it difficult to
realize the costs of mobility. What is more, even when we do settle
down, the kinds of places that the majority of Americans now
inhabit—the suburbs—tend to further discourage a deep sense of
belonging, asserted by jeremiads against sprawl such as James Howard
Kunstler’s The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of
America's Man-Made Landscape would argue.
iii
This cultural shift has been in the works for some time and can be
traced to numerous communication and technological developments, but
the emergence of the internet has offered a perfect tool for growing
information exponentially. Kevin Kelly describes the internet as a
copy machine that “copies every action, every character, every
thought we make while we ride upon it.”
This copying process is so efficient once something is
put into the internet, “it will continue to flow through the
network forever, much like electricity in a superconductive wire.”
Our economy now also rides on this “super-distribution system”
which has forced some momentous shifts in the way we think about the
value of information. Kelly states it simply: “When copies are
super abundant, they become worthless. When copies are super
abundant, stuff which can't be copied becomes scarce and valuable.”
For this reason, “money in this networked economy does not follow
the path of the copies. Rather it follows the path of attention, and
attention has its own circuits” (Kelly).
iv
As Jones argues, “all interpersonal communication is based on
attention: getting attention and ‘paying attention.’ Not only is
attention organized around behavior, but behavior is organized
around attention” (152). Likewise, Charles Derber claims that
“without attention being exchanged and
distributed, there is no social life. A unique social resources,
attention is created anew in each encounter and allocated in ways
deeply affecting human interactions” (2). Jones points out
that most studies of attention have focused on it as set of
individual “cognitive mechanisms” such as “ alertness,
orientation, detection, facilitation, and inhibition.” However, in
social settings, “attention is not just an individual cognitive
process, but also a kind of commodity that interlocutors trade in
interactions.” Jones argues that we need to view attention as
being made up of two facets, the “cognitive attention system” in
which individuals “mentally distribute their attention across
various activities they are involved in” and the “social
attention system” in which participants “display attention and …
interpret displays of attention by others” (153).
v
A blog carnival is “a blog-post that contains links to posts on
other blogs.” See Bora Zivkovic’s “Blog
Carnivals and the Future of Journalism” for
more description.
vi
When the full names of bloggers are unknown, I will simply reference
their first names or screen names.
vii
In a study of blogs content collected from March through May 2003,
the period when the Ecotone period is forming, shows that
personal blogs were statistically more common (70%) and were more
likely to be authored by women. Herring et al. argue that “by
privileging filter blogs and thereby implicitly evaluating the
activities of adult males as more interesting, important and/or
newsworthy than those of other blog authors, public discourses about
weblogs marginalize the activities of women and teen bloggers,
thereby indirectly reproducing societal sexism and ageism, and
misrepresenting the fundamental nature of the weblog phenomenon”
(Herring, “Women”).
viii
Stilgoe’s book can be seen as one of a group of books that were
designed as guidebooks for exploring ordinary places: Grady Clay’s
Close Up: How to Read the American City and Real Places:
An Unconventional Guide to America’s Generic Landscape.
Farbstein, and Kantrowitz’s People in Places: Experiencing,
Using, and Changing the Built Environment, Tony Hiss’s The
Experience of Place: A completely new way of looking at and dealing
with our radically changing cities and countryside, Morrish and
Brown’s, Planning to Stay: Learning to See the Physical Feature
of your Neighborhood. Witold Rybczynski asserts that Stilgoe has
written “a little Baedeker of ordinary America that informs,
charms, and saddens, all at the same time.” In Close Up,
Clay explicitly sees his book as a Baedaker’s guide, a term used
to describe his later books, Real Places: “Heavily
illustrated by maps and photos, Clay’s vivid Baedeker reveals anew
what’s oft concealed right-before-our eyes—and what it could
become via his dynamic ‘way of seeing.’” On the back cover of
Planning to Stay, a blurb by Public Art Review shares the
travel guide metaphor: “The principles and basic approach can be
applied to any vicinity…Think of it as a Baedeker’s Guide to
your neighborhood.”